Softskill English

Nama : Meiriza Alviyany // NPM : 16214550 // Kelas : 1EA10

Kelompok

·   Meiriza Alviyany

·   Nira Aztriani

·   Nurul Azmi

·   Lutfia Ashar

·   Dian Utari N

Text

The term market, as used by economists, is an extension of the ancient idea of a market as a place where people gather to buy and sell goods. In former days part of a town was kept as the market or marketplace, and people would travel many kilometers on special market days in order to buy and sell various commodities. today, however, markets such as the world sugar market, the gold market and the condition market do not need to have any fixed geographical location. Such a market is simply a set of conditions permitting buyers and sellers to work together.

In a free market, competition takes place among sellers of the same commodity, and among those who wish to buy that commodity. such competition, influences the prices prevailing in the market. Prices inevitably fluctuate and such fluctuations are also affected by current supply and demand.

Whenever people who are willing to sell a commodity contact people who are willing to buy it, a market for that commodity is created. Buyers and sellers may meet in person, or they may communicate in some other way; by letter, by telephone or through their agents. In a perfect market, communications are easy, buyers and sellers are numerous and competitions is completely free. In a perfect market there can be only one price for any given commodity; the lowest price which sellers will accept and the highest which consumers will pay. There are, however, no really perfect market, and each commodity market is subject to special conditions. It can be said however that the price ruling in a market indicates the point where supply and demand meet. (Taken from A rapid course in english for students of economics).

Question

1.        What is the main idea paragraph 1?

2.        What is the difference between the market in former days and today?

3.        What is the main idea  paragraph 2?

4.        Describe the competition in a free market?

5.        Why the prices inevitably fluctuate?

6.        In what conditions in a market created?

7.        What three means are mentioned by which buyer and seller can commuicate if they do not meet in person?

8.        What are the characteristics of a perfect market?

9.        What price operates in a perfect market?

10.       What does the ruling price indicates?

Answer No 3 and 4

Nama  : Meiriza Alviyany

Npm    : 16214550

Kelas   : 1EA10

3.         In a free market, competition takes place among seller of the same commodity, and among these who wish to buy that commodity.

4.         The competition takes place among sellers of the same commodity, and among those who wish to buy that commodity.

Affirmative and Negative Agreement

Nama : Meiriza Alviyany // NPM : 16214550 // Kelas : 1EA10

Affirmative and Negative Agreement

When people speak together, they often agree or disagree about things. We can use simple forms to express our agreement or disagreement. Affirmative & Negative Agreement is used when we are going to answer someone’s statement. Affirmative & Negative Agreement is the ways to shorten our reply, we don’t have to repeat all the sentences.

Affirmative Agreement

We can use the word “so” and “too”

1. So ( So + Auxiliary + Subject + Verb )

2. Too ( Subject + Auxiliary Verb + too )

When we use “so” and “too” is that “so” is placed in the front of the sentence. But “too” is placed in the end of the sentence.

For example :

Alan    : I ‘am feeling happy

Difa     : I ‘am feeling happy too

Citra    : Me too

Firman : So do I

Eto      : I am too

Negative Agreement

We can use the word “neither” and “either”

1. Neither ( Neither + Auxiliary Verb Positive + Subject)

2. Either ( Subject + Auxiliary Verb Negative + Either )

When we use  “neither” and “either” is that “neither” is placed in the front of the sentence. But “either” is placed in the end of the sentence. Beside that, if we use “neither” the verb must be positive and for “either” the verb must negative.

For example :

Vega    : I never feeling sad

Hary    : Neither do I

Andrie : I don’t either.

Pertanyaan :

2. California is on the West Coast, and so Oregon ….. / ….. too

Answer :

            - Too : California is on the West Coast, and Oregon is too

            - So : So is Oregon

B. A : I always have a cup of coffee in the morning

Answer :

B  (Too) : Yes, I always have a cup of coffee in the morning too / I do too

B (So)     : So do I

Nama Kelompok :

·   Meiriza Alviyany

·   Nira Aztriani

·   Nurul Azmi

·   Lutfia Ashar

·   Dian Utari N

http://www.insegnanti-inglese.com/grammar-1/affirmatives.html

DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

Nama : Meiriza Alviyany // NPM : 16214550 // Kelas : 1EA10

DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

What is Direct Speech?

The first word inside the quotation marks starts with a capital letter.

Saying exactly what someone has said is called direct speech (sometimes called quoted speech).

The original words of person are narrated (no change) and are enclosed in quotation mark (“…”)

What is an Indirect Speech then?

The quotation marks as well as the colon after said are removed.

The conjunction “that” introduces to us the words (not exact) spoken by the speaker. However the latest trend is to drop 'that'.

When reporting speech the tense usually changes. This is because when we use reported speech, we are usually talking about a time in the past (because obviously the person who spoke originally spoke in the past). The verbs therefore usually have to be in the past too.

For Example :

He said, “The sun rises in the east” → He said that the sun rises in the east.
ADVERB OF TIME (KETERANGAN WAKTU):
Direct  :                                               Indirect :
Now                                        Then
Today                                      That day
Tonight                                    That night
This week                                That week
Yesterday                                 The day before
The day before yesterday        Two days before
Last night                                The night before
Last week/year                        The previous week/year
A year ago                               A year before/The previous year
Three years ago                       Three years before
Tomorrow                               The next day/The following day
The day after tomorrow          In two day’s time/The following day
Next week/year                       The following week/year
On Sunday                              On Sunday
Here                                         There
This book                                The book
This                                         That
These                                       Those
Over there                               Over there

Direct and Indirect Speech:
1. Statement (Pernyataan)  “that”
She says: “I go to school everyday.”

She says that he goes to school everyday.
Bayu said, ” I’m a university student”
Bayu said that he was a university student.

2. Command (Perintah) “to” and “not to”
The teacher said to me : “open your book”

The teacher asked me to open my book
She told me, “don’t cheat anymore !”
She told me not to cheat anymore.

3. Question (Pertanyaan) “yes or no question”

we asked the man “Do you like cappuccino?”

we asked the man if/whether he liked cappuccino.
Ira asked me, “Do you really love me?”
Ira asked me if/whether I really loved her.

Mixed type:

Alex asked me, “what’s happening to you ? You look so pale”
Alex asked me what was happening to me as I looked so pale.
Catatan: Past Tense kadang-kadang tidak berubah dalam percakapan.

EXAMPLE DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH :

1.         D : She says to her friend, “ I have been reading “

            I : She says to her friend that he has been reading

2.         D : He will say, “ The girl wasn’t ugly “

            I : He will tell them that the girl wasn’t ugly

3.         D : Reino said, “ I’m very sleepy “

            I : Reino said that he was very sleepy

4.         D : He has told you, “ I am writing “

            I : He has told you that he is writing

5.         D : Mother said to her son, “ study hard “

            I : Mother advised her son to study hard

6.         D : My friend said to me, “ I don’t like football “

            I : My friend said to me that he didn’t like football

7.         D : She said, “ I didn’t go to campus

            I : She said that she hadn’t gone to campus this morning

8.         D : Rizki says, “ I have seen that movies “

            I : Rizki says that she has seen that movies

9.         D : Mother asked her, “ Don’t go there alone “

            I : Mother asked her not to go there alone

10.       D : Father asked robi, “ Don’t smoke too much “

            I : Father asked robi not to smoke too much

Pertanyaan :

4. - Direct speech (Present Perfect Tense) : Margaret said, “I has had a baby”

    - Indirect speech (Past Perfect Tense) : Margaret said that she had had a baby

5. - Direct speech (Simple Present Tense) : Heru said, “I don’t know what Fred is doing”

    - Indirect speech (Simple Past Tense) : Heru said that he didn’t knew what Fred is doing

Nama Kelompok :

·                     Meiriza Alviyany

·                     Nira Aztriani

·                     Nurul Azmi

·                     Lutfia Ashar

·                     Dian Utari N

http://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exercise-english-2/exercise-english-72035.php